Optimize Renewable Energy Acceleration in the Second National Emission Reduction Document
The opening up of a number of potential renewable energy options needs to be optimized in the preparation of national emission reduction documents.
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By
DIMAS WARADITYA NUGRAHA
·4 minutes read
PETRUS RADITYA MAHENDRA YASA
Illustration. Officers are in the boiler chimney area at the Lahendong Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) in Tompaso, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Wednesday (29/9/2021). Geothermal development is part of utilizing clean, environmentally friendly energy.
JAKARTA, KOMPAS — The potential of the renewable energy sector as an instrument for reducing greenhouse gas emissions has not yet been optimized in the second national contribution document for reducing emissions. This condition is unfortunate considering that options for increasing the renewable energy mix are increasingly open and competitive.
Currently, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) is compiling the national contribution document for the second emission reduction (NDC kedua) mandated by the Paris Agreement of 2015. The development of emission reduction targets in this second NDC will be adjusted to scenarios to maintain the global average surface temperature increase to no more than 1.5 degrees Celsius.
In the first NDC compiled in 2016, efforts to reduce emissions still used the 2-degree Celsius scenario. The deadline for the preparation of this second NDC is no later than March 2025.
As information, the second NDC will compare emission reductions against the 2019 reference year, which is based on the inventory of greenhouse gases (GHG). This emission determination method is considered to be more accurate and contributes to the global GHG reduction target of 43 percent by 2030 compared to emissions in 2019.
Institute for Essential Services Reform Energy Transformation Program Manager (IESR) Deon Arinaldo assessed that one of the mitigation actions that could increase the emission reduction target in the second NDC comes from increasing the renewable energy mix. To be in line with the 1.5 degrees Celsius pathway, the renewable energy mix in primary energy needs to reach 55 percent by 2030.
Unfortunately, according to Deon, the Draft Government Regulation on National Energy Policy (RPP KEN) currently being prepared by the National Energy Council (DEN) only targets a renewable energy mix of 19-21 percent by 2030.
The renewable energy sector can be the most strategic sector in increasing Indonesia's emission mitigation level.
"In terms of emission reduction targets, for the energy sector, the RPP KEN indicates that the emission level target in the energy sector is still large, namely 1,074-1,233 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030," said Deon, quoted from an official statement received by Kompas< /i>, Friday (26/4/2024),
If the reduction target for energy sector emissions in the second NDC refers to the KEN RPP, it can be ensured that the target is still not in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement. This is regrettable because the renewable energy sector can become the most strategic sector in increasing Indonesia's emissions mitigation levels.
According to Deon, options for optimizing renewable energy through electrification, both in the transportation sector via electric vehicles and in the industrial sector via electric boilers and heat pumps, are already available. commercial and competitive.
What is needed now, he said, is only political will from policy makers to increase the mix of renewable energy in the electricity sector.
"The government should not be complacent with other options, such as nuclear and CCS, which can only operate after 2030, causing the real strategy to reduce emissions to be hindered in its implementation," said Deon.
Meanwhile, Climate Policy Coordinator of IESR, Delima Ramadhani, stated that the latest emission projection by Climate Action Tracker (CAT) towards the increase of targets shows an increase of emissions up to 1.7-1.8 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2030.
The figure is 70-80 percent higher than the emissions in 2019. Delima added that this amount of emissions does not yet include emissions from the forestry and land sectors. As a result, Indonesia needs to target a reduction of emissions of 2030 in the range of 829-859 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent to align with the 1.5-degree Celsius target.
Therefore, according to him, the government needs to incorporate justice aspects and provide reasons why the emission reduction targets stated in the second NDC are a fair part of Indonesia's contribution to global climate mitigation efforts.
"The aspects of justice and transparency need to be reflected in the process of preparing the second NDC which includes good practices, relevance to national conditions, the involvement of domestic institutions, and public participation," said Delima.
DOKUMENTASI KEMENTERIAN ESDM
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Arifin Tasrif (standing), took part in a Ministerial Roundtable Meeting during the World Energy Congress (WEC) in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on Wednesday (24/4/2024).
Meanwhile, as reported on the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources' website, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Arifin Tasrif mentioned during the Ministerial Roundtable Meeting World Energy Congress (WEC) in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on Wednesday (24/4/2024), that international collaboration is necessary to accelerate the transition towards clean energy.
"Collaboration is not only based on principles of trade and investment, but also considers the mutual benefits, with increased local industries, local content, job creation, regional interconnectivity, and funding," said Arifin.
Arifin also explained to the congress participants regarding other efforts that Indonesia has made to achieve emission reduction targets, one of which is in the industrial sector through innovation to replace conventional boilers with electric boilers and technology. heat pump. "This can increase energy efficiency by 75 percent-95 percent and reduce emissions by 20 percent-60 percent," he said.
Director of Public Policy at the Center of Economic and Law Studies (Celios) Media Wahyudi Askar stated that there is still inequality between regions in Indonesia in terms of readiness for transitioning from high carbon-emitting energy sources to renewable energy.
Quoting a report entitled "Readiness Index Indonesia's Energy Transition" published by Celios, January 2024, energy transition readiness is still far from being evenly distributed across regions, with 90 percent of provinces in Indonesia not yet having adequate readiness, namely around 70 percent or 24 provinces have medium status and 20 percent or 7 provinces have low status.
"There are many factors that become obstacles. Uneven readiness of regions in energy transition is also dependent on the level of per capita consumption, significance of women's involvement, and the level of climate and energy vulnerability in each region," he said.
Editor:
ARIS PRASETYO
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